Place the whole chicken in a large stockpot and add 12 cups of water, or enough to cover the chicken by about an inch.
Add the onion (quartered, peel on), chopped carrots, celery, garlic, salt, peppercorns, and bay leaves.
Bring the pot to a gentle boil over medium-high heat, then immediately reduce to low.
Simmer uncovered for 1½ to 2 hours, occasionally skimming off any foam or fat that rises to the top.
Tip: Keep the simmer low and steady — rapid boiling can make the broth cloudy.
Once the chicken is tender and cooked through, carefully lift it out of the pot and place it on a large plate to cool slightly.
Pour the broth through a fine-mesh strainer into another large pot or bowl, remove bay leaves. Taking the cooked vegetables and spices along with a cup of broth and placing into the blender. Blend well and return the mixture into the pot.
When the chicken is cool enough to handle, remove the meat from the bones and shred it into bite-sized pieces. Discard the skin and bones (or save them for another batch of broth).
Return the broth to the pot and bring it back to a gentle simmer.
Add 3 medium potatoes (peeled and cubed) and 2 cups of chopped carrots.
Simmer for 15–20 minutes, or until the vegetables are tender.
In a small bowl, whisk the ½ cup of sourdough discard with a ladleful of hot broth until smooth.
Slowly pour the mixture back into the soup while stirring — this will slightly thicken the broth and add a subtle tangy depth of flavor.
Note: The sourdough discard shouldn’t taste sour once cooked; it mellows beautifully into the broth.
Return the shredded chicken to the pot and stir to combine.
Taste the soup and adjust seasoning with more salt and pepper as needed.
Simmer for another 5 minutes to let the flavors meld.